Reading

My home-office library area.

Without reading, one cannot write or understand the human condition. To that end, I've collected a list of the more than 600 books I want to read before I shed my moral coil. These titles, which I've developed over several years from more than a dozen different sources, represent the "great" books – books that are important for what they represent to the Judaeo-Christian Western worldview (even if some of the books hail from non-Western sources). So what's represented, below, is only a fraction of what I have/will read over a lifetime.

The following list is more digestible if you download a version (in Markdown) that sorts and groups differently based on your interests:

Comprehensive List

Full list of all books.

Comprehensive List.md

48 KB

List by Category

The list, but grouped by each of 12 high-level categories.

List by Category.md

43 KB

List by Culture

The list, but grouped by each of more than two dozen civilizational or national descriptors.

List by Culture.md

42 KB

List by Era

The list, but grouped by one of seven broad eras.

List by Era.md

30 KB

My Great Books

This static but comprehensive list is sorted by era, then category, then culture, then author, then title.

Title	Author	Read	Era	Culture	Category
Parallel Lives	Plutarch		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Biography and Memoir
Lives of the Caesars	Suetonius	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Biography and Memoir
Agricola	Tacitus		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Biography and Memoir
City of God	Augustine of Hippo		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Catholic
Confessions	Augustine of Hippo		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Catholic
On Christian Doctrine	Augustine of Hippo		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Catholic
Vulgate	Jerome		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Catholic
Enneads, The	Plotinus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Essay
Institutes of Oratory	Quintilian		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Essay
Doctrine of the Mean			Antiquity	China	Essay
Great Learning			Antiquity	China	Essay
Thirty-Six Strategems			Antiquity	China	Essay
Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers	Diogenes Laertius		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	History
Histories, The	Herodotus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	History
Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans	Plutarch		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	History
History of the Peloponnesian War	Thucydides	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	History
Commentaries on the French Wars	Caesar	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Rome	History
History of Rome	Livy		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	History
Annals	Tacitus		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	History
Germania	Tacitus		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	History
Histories	Tacitus		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	History
Histories, The	Shiji		Antiquity	China	History
Book of Songs, The	Shijing		Antiquity	China	History
Book of Documents, The	Shuijing		Antiquity	China	History
Aesop's Fables		✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Myth/Legend/Fable
Adapa and the Food of Life			Antiquity	Ancient Near East	Myth/Legend/Fable
Descent of the Goddess Ishtar			Antiquity	Ancient Near East	Myth/Legend/Fable
Enuma Elish			Antiquity	Ancient Near East	Myth/Legend/Fable
Epic of Gilgamesh			Antiquity	Ancient Near East	Myth/Legend/Fable
Golden Ass	Apuleius	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Novel
Metamorphosis	Ovid		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Novel
Records of the Great Historian	Sima Qian		Antiquity	China	Novel
Metaphysics	Aristotle		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Philosophy
Nicomachean Ethics	Aristotle	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Philosophy
Poetics	Aristotle		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Philosophy
Timaeus	Plato		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Philosophy
Meditations	Aurelius	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Philosophy
Discourses	Epictetus		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Philosophy
On the Nature of Things	Lucretius	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Philosophy
Letters from a Stoic	Seneca	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Philosophy
Analects of Confucius	Confucius		Antiquity	China	Philosophy
Tao Te Ching	Laozi		Antiquity	China	Philosophy
Mencius	Mencius		Antiquity	China	Philosophy
Zhuangzi	Zhuangzi		Antiquity	China	Philosophy
I Ching		✓	Antiquity	China	Philosophy
Agamemnon	Aeschylus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Eumenides	Aeschylus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Libation Bearers	Aeschylus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Oresteia	Aeschylus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Prometheus Bound	Aeschylus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Seven Against Thebes	Aeschylus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Clouds, The	Aristophanes		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Frogs, The	Aristophanes		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Categories	Aristotle		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
De Anima	Aristotle		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Letter to Herodotus	Epicurus		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Bacchae	Euripides		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Hippolytus	Euripides		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Imphigeneia at Aulis	Euripides		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Medea	Euripides		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Trojan Women	Euripides	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Dialogues of the Courtesans	Lucian of Samosata		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Dialogues of the Dead	Lucian of Samosata		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Dialogues of the Gods	Lucian of Samosata		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Dialogues of the Sea-Gods	Lucian of Samosata		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Apology	Plato	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Crito	Plato	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Gorgias	Plato	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Meno	Plato	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Parmenides	Plato		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Phaedo	Plato	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Phaedrus	Plato		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Republic	Plato	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Sophist	Plato		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Symposium	Plato		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Theatetus	Plato		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Antigone	Sophocles	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Oedipus at Colonus	Sophocles		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Oedipus the King	Sophocles	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Philoctetes	Sophocles		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Play or Dialogue
Corpus Hermetica	Hermes		Antiquity	Ancient Near East	Play or Dialogue
Cataline Orations	Cicero	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Play or Dialogue
Orations and Letters	Cicero		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Play or Dialogue
Dialogues	Seneca		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Play or Dialogue
Dialogue on Oratory	Tacitus		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Play or Dialogue
Iliad	Homer	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Poetry
Odyssey	Homer	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Poetry
Poetic Works	Horace		Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Poetry
Aeneid	Virgil	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Rome	Poetry
Politics	Aristotle	✓	Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Political Theory
Code of Hammurabi	Hammurabi		Antiquity	Ancient Near East	Political Theory
Art of War	Sun Tzu	✓	Antiquity	China	Political Theory
Book of the Dead			Antiquity	Ancient Near East	Religious Text
Pentateuch, The		✓	Antiquity	Ancient Near East	Religious Text
Bhagavad Gita			Antiquity	India	Religious Text
Rigveda			Antiquity	India	Religious Text
Upanishads			Antiquity	India	Religious Text
Conic Sections	Apollonius of Perga		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Science
Works	Archimedes		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Science
Elements	Euclid		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Science
On the Natural Faculties	Galen		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Science
Medical Writings	Hippocrates		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Science
Introduction to Arithmetic	Nicomachus of Gerasa		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Science
Almagest	Ptolemy		Antiquity	Ancient Greece	Science
Travels of Marco Polo, The	Polo		Early Modern	Italy	Biography and Memoir
Way of Perfection	Teresa of Avila		Early Modern	Spain	Catholic
Interior Castle	Teresa of Avila		Early Modern	Spain	Catholic
Thoughts Concerning Education	Locke		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Essay
Areopagitica	Milton		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Essay
Essays	Bacon		Early Modern	France	Essay
Maximes	de La Rochefoucauld		Early Modern	France	Essay
Rules for the Direction of the Mind	Descartes		Early Modern	France	Essay
Essays	Emerson		Early Modern	France	Essay
Essays	Montaigne		Early Modern	France	Essay
Provincial Letters, The	Pascal		Early Modern	France	Essay
Scientific Treatises	Pascal		Early Modern	France	Essay
Table Talk	Luther		Early Modern	Germany	Essay
Three Treatises	Luther		Early Modern	Germany	Essay
Notebooks	da Vinci		Early Modern	Italy	Essay
Praise of Folly, The	Erasmus		Early Modern	Netherlands	Essay
Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies	De Las Casas		Early Modern	Spain	History
Fables	de La Fontaine		Early Modern	France	Myth/Legend/Fable
Pilgrim's Progress	Bunyan		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Novel
Journey to the West	Wu		Early Modern	China	Novel
Gargantua and Pantagruel	Rabelais		Early Modern	France	Novel
Life of an Amorous Man, The	Saikaku		Early Modern	Japan	Novel
Don Quixote	Cervantes		Early Modern	Spain	Novel
Essay Concerning Human Understanding	Locke	✓	Early Modern	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Discourse on the Method	Descartes		Early Modern	France	Philosophy
Meditations on First Philosophy	Descartes	✓	Early Modern	France	Philosophy
Treatise on Ethics	Malebranche		Early Modern	France	Philosophy
Pensees	Pascal		Early Modern	France	Philosophy
Book of the City of the Ladies, The	de Pizan		Early Modern	Italy	Philosophy
Ethics	Spinoza		Early Modern	Netherlands	Philosophy
Anthony and Cleopatra	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
As You Like It	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Hamlet	Shakespeare	✓	Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Henry IV	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Henry V	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
King Lear	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Macbeth	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Othello	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Richard II	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Tempest, The	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Imaginary Invalid, The	Moliere		Early Modern	France	Play or Dialogue
Misanthrope, The	Moliere		Early Modern	France	Play or Dialogue
Miser, The	Moliere		Early Modern	France	Play or Dialogue
Tartuffe	Moliere		Early Modern	France	Play or Dialogue
Andromaque	Racine		Early Modern	France	Play or Dialogue
Iphigenie	Racine		Early Modern	France	Play or Dialogue
Phedre	Racine		Early Modern	France	Play or Dialogue
Paradise Lost	Milton		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Poetry
Sonnets	Shakespeare		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Poetry
Faerie Queene, The	Spenser		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Poetry
Prothalamion	Spenser		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Poetry
Dark Night of the Soul	John of the Cross		Early Modern	Spain	Poetry
Commentaries on the Laws of England	Blackstone		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Leviathan	Hobbes		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Letter Concerning Toleration	Locke		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Of Civil Government	Locke		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Two Treatises of Government	Locke		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Utopia	More		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Prince, The	Machiavelli		Early Modern	Italy	Political Theory
On the Law of War and Peace	Grotius		Early Modern	Netherlands	Political Theory
Institutes of the Christian Religion	Calvin		Early Modern	Switzerland	Religious Text
Skeptical Chemist, The	Boyle		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Science
Anatomy of Melancholy, The	Burton		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Science
On the Loadstone and Magnetic Bodies	Gilbert		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Science
On the Circulation of the Blood	Harvey		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Science
On the Generation of Animals	Harvey		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Science
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals	Harvey		Early Modern	Anglosphere	Science
Geometry	Descartes		Early Modern	France	Science
Concerning the Harmonies of the World	Kepler		Early Modern	Germany	Science
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres	Copernicus		Early Modern	Italy	Science
Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences	Galilei		Early Modern	Italy	Science
Starry Messenger, The	Galilei		Early Modern	Italy	Science
On the Movement of Bodies by Impact	Huygens		Early Modern	Netherlands	Science
Treatise on Light	Huygens		Early Modern	Netherlands	Science
Life of Alexander Nevsky, The			Middle Ages	Russia	Biography and Memoir
Cloud of Unknowing, The	(Anonymous)		Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Catholic
Proslogium	Anselm of Canterbury		Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Catholic
Commentary on Job	Gregory of Tours		Middle Ages	France	Catholic
Imitation of Christ	Kempis		Middle Ages	Germany	Catholic
Of Being and Essence	Aquinas		Middle Ages	Italy	Catholic
Summa Contra Gentiles	Aquinas		Middle Ages	Italy	Catholic
Summa Theologica, Summa Contra Gentiles	Aquinas		Middle Ages	Italy	Catholic
Dialog of Catherine of Siena	Catherine of Siena		Middle Ages	Italy	Catholic
Guide for the Perplexed, The	Maimonides		Middle Ages	Ancient Near East	Essay
Book of Deeds of Arms and of Chivalry	De Pizan		Middle Ages	France	Essay
Letters of Abelard and Heloise, The			Middle Ages	France	Essay
Ecclesiastical History of the English People, The	Bede		Middle Ages	Anglosphere	History
History of the Franks, The	Gregory of Tours		Middle Ages	France	History
Muqaddimah, The	Khaldun		Middle Ages	Islamic World	History
One Thousand and One Nights			Middle Ages	Islamic World	Myth/Legend/Fable
Le Morte d'Arthur	Malory		Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Novel
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight			Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Novel
Tristan and Isolde	von Strassburg		Middle Ages	Germany	Novel
Divine Comedy, The	Alighieri		Middle Ages	Italy	Novel
Decameron	Boccaccio		Middle Ages	Italy	Novel
Incoherence of the Philosophers, The	Al-Ghazali		Middle Ages	Islamic World	Philosophy
Consolation of Philosophy	Boethius		Middle Ages	Italy	Philosophy
Canterbury Tales, The	Chaucer	✓	Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Poetry
Troilus and Criseyde	Chaucer		Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Poetry
Piers Plowman	Langland		Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Poetry
Beowulf		✓	Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Poetry
Romance of the Rose, The			Middle Ages	France	Poetry
Song of Roland			Middle Ages	France	Poetry
Nibelungenlied	Anonymous		Middle Ages	Germany	Poetry
Saga of Burnt Njal	Anonymous		Middle Ages	Iceland	Poetry
Conference of the Birds	Attar		Middle Ages	Islamic World	Poetry
Rubaiyat	Khayyam		Middle Ages	Islamic World	Poetry
Magna Carta		✓	Middle Ages	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Koran			Middle Ages	Islamic World	Religious Text
Optics	al-Haytham		Middle Ages	Islamic World	Science
Canon of Medicine, The	Avicenna		Middle Ages	Islamic World	Science
Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.	Boswell		18th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, The	Franklin		18th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Lives of the Poets, The	Johnson		18th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Travels in the Interior of Africa	Park		18th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Principles of Human Knowledge	Berkeley		18th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful	Burke		18th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, An	Hume	✓	18th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Essay on Criticism	Pope		18th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Essay on Man	Pope		18th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Rape of the Lock	Pope		18th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Modest Proposal, A	Swift		18th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Perpetual Peace	Kant		18th Century	Germany	Essay
Science of Right, The	Kant		18th Century	Germany	Essay
New Science	Vico		18th Century	Italy	Essay
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, The	Gibbon		18th Century	Anglosphere	History
Robinson Crusoe	Defoe		18th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Joseph Andrews	Fielding		18th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Tom Jones	Fielding		18th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Vanity of Human Wishes, The	Johnson		18th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Clarissa	Richardson		18th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, The	Sterne		18th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Gulliver's Travels	Swift		18th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Persian Letters	Montesquieu		18th Century	France	Novel
Candide	Voltaire		18th Century	France	Novel
Sorrows of Young Werther, The			18th Century	Germany	Novel
Emile	Rousseau		18th Century	France	Philosophy
Critique of Judgment	Kant		18th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Critique of Practical Reason	Kant		18th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Critique of Pure Reason	Kant	✓	18th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Discourse on Metaphysics	Leibniz		18th Century	Germany	Philosophy
New Essays Concerning Human Understanding	Leibniz		18th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Way of the World, The	Congreve		18th Century	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Reflections on the Revolution in France	Burke		18th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Federalist Papers, The	Hamilton et al		18th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Essays Moral and Political	Hume		18th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Treatise on Human Nature	Hume		18th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Essay on the Principle of Population	Malthus		18th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Theory of Moral Sentiments, The	Smith	✓	18th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Wealth of Nations	Smith		18th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Spirit of Laws	Montesquieu		18th Century	France	Political Theory
On the Origin of Inequality	Rousseau		18th Century	France	Political Theory
On the Political Economy	Rousseau		18th Century	France	Political Theory
Social Contract, The	Rousseau		18th Century	France	Political Theory
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals	Kant		18th Century	Germany	Political Theory
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy	Newton		18th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Elements of Chemistry	Lavoisier		18th Century	France	Science
Sailing Alone Around the World	Slocum		19th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Apologia Pro Vita Sua	Newman		19th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Essay on Development of Christian Doctrine	Newman		19th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Idea of a University	Newman		19th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Introduction to Devout Life	de Sales		19th Century	France	Catholic
Story of a Soul	Therese of Lisieux		19th Century	France	Catholic
Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation	Bentham		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Theory of Fictions	Bentham		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Laws of Thought, The	Boole		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Representative Men	Emerson		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Self Reliance	Emerson		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
System of Logic, A	Mill		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Civil Disobedience	Thoreau		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Walden	Thoreau		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Frontier in American History, The	Turner		19th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
On Suicide	Durkheim		19th Century	France	Essay
Essence of Christianity	Feuerbach		19th Century	Germany	Essay
Anti-Christ, The	Nietzsche		19th Century	Germany	Essay
Gay Science, The	Nietzsche		19th Century	Germany	Essay
Will to Power, The	Nietzsche		19th Century	Germany	Essay
Parerga and Paralipomena	Schopenhauer		19th Century	Germany	Essay
World as Will and Representation, The	Schopenhauer		19th Century	Germany	Essay
Physiological Psychology	Wundt		19th Century	Germany	Essay
History of Civilization in England, A	Buckle		19th Century	Anglosphere	History
Journals of Lewis and Clark, The	Lewis		19th Century	Anglosphere	History
History of Civilization in France	Guizot		19th Century	France	History
History of the Russian State	Karamzin		19th Century	Russia	History
Legend of Sleepy Hollow, The	Irving		19th Century	Anglosphere	Myth/Legend/Fable
Collected Romanian Folklore	Alecsandri		19th Century	Romania	Myth/Legend/Fable
Emma	Austen		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Pride and Prejudice	Austen		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Jane Eyre	Bronte		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Wuthering Heights	Bronte		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Way of All Flesh	Butler		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland	Carroll		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Heart of Darkness	Conrad		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Last of the Mohicans	Cooper		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Bleak House	Dickens		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
David Copperfield	Dickens		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Great Expectations	Dickens	✓	19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Oliver Twist	Dickens		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Tale of Two Cities, A	Dickens		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Adam Bede	Eliot		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Middlemarch	Eliot		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Silas Marner	Eliot		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
King Solomon's Mines	Haggard		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Scarlet Letter, The	Hawthorne		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Moby Dick	Melville		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Ivanhoe	Scott		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Frankenstein	Shelly		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Treasure Island	Stevenson	✓	19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Dracula	Stoker	✓	19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Uncle Tom's Cabin	Stowe		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Vanity Fair	Thackeray		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The	Twain	✓	19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, A	Twain		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Mysterious Stranger, The	Twain		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Island of Dr. Moreau, The	Wells		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Swiss Family Robinson	Wyss		19th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Eugenie Grandet	Balzac		19th Century	France	Novel
Pere Goriot	Balzac		19th Century	France	Novel
Barber of Seville, The	Beaumarchais		19th Century	France	Novel
Count of Monte Cristo, The	Dumas		19th Century	France	Novel
Man in the Iron Mask, The	Dumas		19th Century	France	Novel
Madame Bovary	Flaubert		19th Century	France	Novel
Hunchback of Notre Dame, The	Hugo		19th Century	France	Novel
Les Miserables	Hugo		19th Century	France	Novel
Complete Short Stories	Maupassant		19th Century	France	Novel
Charterhouse of Parma, The	Stendhal		19th Century	France	Novel
On Love	Stendhal		19th Century	France	Novel
Red and the Black, The	Stendhal		19th Century	France	Novel
Around the World in Eighty Days	Verne		19th Century	France	Novel
Journey to the Center of the Earth	Verne		19th Century	France	Novel
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea	Verne		19th Century	France	Novel
Collected Short Stories	Checkov		19th Century	Russia	Novel
Brothers Karamazov	Dostoevskey		19th Century	Russia	Novel
Crime and Punishment	Dostoevskey	✓	19th Century	Russia	Novel
Idiot, The	Dostoevskey		19th Century	Russia	Novel
Demons	Dostoevsky		19th Century	Russia	Novel
Notes from Underground	Dostoevsky		19th Century	Russia	Novel
Dead Souls	Gogol		19th Century	Russia	Novel
Boris Godunov	Pushkin		19th Century	Russia	Novel
Anna Karenina	Tolstoy		19th Century	Russia	Novel
War and Peace	Tolstoy	✓	19th Century	Russia	Novel
Utilitarianism	Mill		19th Century	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Either/Or	Kierkegaard		19th Century	Denmark	Philosophy
Fear and Trembling	Kierkegaard		19th Century	Denmark	Philosophy
Philosophical Fragments	Kierkegaard		19th Century	Denmark	Philosophy
Positive Philosophy, The	Comte		19th Century	France	Philosophy
Phenomenology of Spirit	Hegel		19th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Philosophy of Right	Hegel		19th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Beyond Good and Evil	Nietzsche	✓	19th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Birth of Tragedy	Nietzsche		19th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Thus Spoke Zarathustra	Nietzsche		19th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Twilight of the Idols	Nietzsche		19th Century	Germany	Philosophy
Rameau’s Nephew	Diderot		19th Century	France	Play or Dialogue
Cyrano de Bergerac	Rostand		19th Century	France	Play or Dialogue
Faust	Goethe		19th Century	Germany	Play or Dialogue
Doll's House, The	Ibsen		19th Century	Norway	Play or Dialogue
Hedda Gabler	Ibsen		19th Century	Norway	Play or Dialogue
Don Juan	Byron		19th Century	Anglosphere	Poetry
Poems	Coleridge		19th Century	Anglosphere	Poetry
Idylls of the King	Tennyson		19th Century	Anglosphere	Poetry
Leaves of Grass	Whitman		19th Century	Anglosphere	Poetry
Poems	Wordsworth		19th Century	Anglosphere	Poetry
Les Fleurs du mal	Baudelaire		19th Century	France	Poetry
Ruslan and Ludmila	Pushkin		19th Century	Russia	Poetry
On Liberty	Mill	✓	19th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Representative Government	Mill		19th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Subjection of Women, The	Mill	✓	19th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation	Ricardo		19th Century	Anglosphere	Political Theory
Democracy in America	Tocqueville		19th Century	France	Political Theory
On War	Clausewitz		19th Century	Germany	Political Theory
Lectures on the Philosophy of History	Hegel		19th Century	Germany	Political Theory
Capital	Marx		19th Century	Germany	Political Theory
Communist Manifesto	Marx		19th Century	Germany	Political Theory
Geneology of Morals	Nietzsche		19th Century	Germany	Political Theory
New System of Chemical Philosophy, A	Dalton		19th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Descent of Man, The	Darwin		19th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Origin of Species, The	Darwin		19th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Chemical History of a Candle	Faraday		19th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Experimental Researches in Electricity	Faraday		19th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Inquiries into Human Faculties and Its Development	Galton		19th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Principles of Geology	Lyell		19th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine	Bernard		19th Century	France	Science
Analytical Theory of Heat	Fourier		19th Century	France	Science
Hypotheses of Geometry, The	Riemann		19th Century	Germany	Science
Transfinite Numbers	Cantor		19th Century	Russia	Science
Theory of Parallels	Lobachevsky		19th Century	Russia	Science
Education of Henry Adams, The	Adams		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Long Loneliness, The	Day		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Into the Wild	Krakauer		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Into Thin Air	Krakauer		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Malcolm X: The Autobiography	Malcom X		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Something Beautiful for God	Muggeridge		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Rough Riders, The	Roosevelt		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Great Railway Bazaar, The	Theroux		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test	Wolfe		20th Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
How The Reformation Happened	Belloc		20th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Survivals and New Arrivals	Belloc		20th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Everlasting Man	Chesterton		20th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Orthodoxy	Chesterton		20th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Mere Christianity	Lewis	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Seven Storey Mountain	Merton		20th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Catholic Matters	Neuhaus		20th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Witness to Hope	Weigel		20th Century	Anglosphere	Catholic
Diary of a Country Priest, The	Bernanos		20th Century	France	Catholic
Introduction to Christianity	Ratzinger		20th Century	Germany	Catholic
Meditations from a Simple Path	Teresa of Calcutta		20th Century	India	Catholic
Journal of a Soul	John XXIII		20th Century	Italy	Catholic
Christ is Passing By	Escriva		20th Century	Spain	Catholic
Way of the Cross	Escriva		20th Century	Spain	Catholic
Catechism of the Catholic Church	Holy Office		20th Century		Catholic
Ordinary Men	Browning		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
How to Win Friends and Influence People	Carnegie		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Democracy and Education	Dewey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Experience and Nature	Dewey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Habits and Will	Dewey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Theory of Inquiry, The	Dewey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Virtues, The	Dewey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Souls of Black Folk, The	Du Bois		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Common Law, The	Holmes		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Essays in Radical Empiricism	James, W		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Varieties of Religious Experience, The	James, W		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Road to Wigan Pier	Orwell		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance	Pirsig		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Analsysis of Mind, The	Russell		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Life of Reason, The	Santayana		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Persons and Places	Santayana		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Realms of Being, The	Santayana		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Skepticism and Animal Faith	Santayana		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas	Thompson		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Civilization on Trial	Toynbee		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Study of History, A	Toynbee		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Adventures of Ideas	Whitehead		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Aims of Education and Other Essays, The	Whitehead		20th Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Creative Evolution	Bergson		20th Century	France	Essay
Matter and Memory	Bergson		20th Century	France	Essay
Time and Free Will	Bergson		20th Century	France	Essay
Two Sources of Morality and Religion, The	Bergson		20th Century	France	Essay
Art and Scholasticism	Maritain		20th Century	France	Essay
Degrees of Knowledge, The	Maritain		20th Century	France	Essay
Freedom and the Modern World	Maritain		20th Century	France	Essay
Rights of Man and Natural Law, The	Maritain		20th Century	France	Essay
True Humanism	Maritain		20th Century	France	Essay
Man's Search for Meaning	Frankl		20th Century	Germany	Essay
Ego and the Id, The	Freud		20th Century	Germany	Essay
Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego	Freud		20th Century	Germany	Essay
Interpretation of Dreams, The	Freud		20th Century	Germany	Essay
Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis	Freud		20th Century	Germany	Essay
New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis	Freud		20th Century	Germany	Essay
Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis	Freud		20th Century	Germany	Essay
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality	Freud		20th Century	Germany	Essay
What is Philosophy?	Heidegger		20th Century	Germany	Essay
State and Revolution, The	Lenin		20th Century	Russia	Essay
Gulag Archipelago, The	Solzhenitsyn	✓	20th Century	Russia	Essay
Rape of Nanking, The	Chang		20th Century	Anglosphere	History
History of Religious Ideas, A [3-vol]	Eliade		20th Century	Anglosphere	History
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, The	Shirer	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	History
Henderson the Rain King	Bellow		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Clockwork Orange, A	Burgess		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Tarzan of the Apes	Burroughs		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Postman Always Rings Twice, The	Cain		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Tobacco Road	Caldwell		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Death Comes for the Archbishop	Cather		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Long Goodbye, The	Chandler		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Nostromo	Conrad		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Secret Agent, The	Conrad		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Red Badge of Courage, The	Crane		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
White Noise	Delillo		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Deliverance	Dickey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
American Tragedy, An	Dreiser		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Sister Carrie	Dreiser		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Invisible Man	Ellison		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Studs Lonigan Trilogy	Farrell		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
As I Lay Dying	Faulkner		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Light in August	Faulkner		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Sound and the Fury	Faulkner		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Great Gatsby, The	Fitzgerald		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Tender is the Night	Fitzgerald		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Good Soldier, The	Ford		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Howards End	Forster		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Passage to India, A	Forster		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Room with a View, A	Forster		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Lord of the Flies	Golding	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
I, Claudius	Graves		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Heart of the Matter	Greene		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Maltese Falcon, The	Hammett		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Catch-22	Heller		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Farewell to Arms, A	Hemingway		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
For Whom the Bell Tolls	Hemingway		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Old Man and the Sea, The	Hemingway		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Sun Also Rises, The	Hemingway		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Brave New World	Huxley	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Point Counter Point	Huxley		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Ambassadors, The	James, H		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
American, The	James, H		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Beast in the Jungle, The	James, H		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Wings of the Dove	James, H		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
From Here to Eternity	Jones		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Thin Red Line, The	Jones		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man	Joyce		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Ulysses	Joyce		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Dharma Bums	Kerouac		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
On the Road	Kerouac		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest	Kesey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Sometimes a Great Notion	Kesey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Separate Peace, A	Knowles		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Darkness at Noon	Koestler		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Stone Angel, The	Laurence		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Sons and Lovers	Lawrence		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
To Kill a Mockingbird	Lee	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Main Street	Lewis		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Call of the Wild	London		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Under the Volcano	Lowry		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
River Runs Through It, A	Maclean		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Naked and the Dead, The	Mailer		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Of Human Bondage	Maugham		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West	McCarthy		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Heart is a Lonely Hunter, The	McCullers		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Lonesome Dove	McMurty		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Billy Budd	Melville		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Tropic of Cancer	Miller		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Beloved	Morrison		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Under the Net	Murdoch		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Pale Fire	Nabokov		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
House for Mr Biswas, A	Naipaul		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Appointment in Samarra	O'Hara		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Animal Farm	Orwell	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Nineteen Eight-Four	Orwell	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Moviegoer, The	Percy		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Atlas Shrugged	Rand		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Wide Sargasso Sea	Rhys		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Portnoy's Complaint	Roth		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Midnight's Children	Rushdie		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Killer Angels, The	Sahaara		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Catcher in the Rye, The	Salinger		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
House of God, The	Shem		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Jungle, The	Sinclair		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, The	Spark		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Cannery Row	Steinbeck		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
East of Eden	Steinbeck		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Grapes of Wrath, The	Steinbeck	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Pearl, The	Steinbeck		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Sophie's Choice	Styron		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Hobbit, The	Tolkein	✓	20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Confederacy of Dunces	Toole		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Bluebeard	Vonnegut		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Slaughterhouse Five	Vonnegut		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
All the King's Men	Warren		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Handful of Dust, A	Waugh		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Brideshead Revisited	Waugh		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Age of Innocence	Wharton		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Picture of Dorian Gray, The	Wilde		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Bridge of San Luis Rey	Wilder		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
To the Lighthouse	Woolf		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Native Son	Wright		20th Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Labrynths	Borges		20th Century	Argentina	Novel
One Hundred Years of Solitude	Márquez		20th Century	Colombia	Novel
Castle, The	Kafka		20th Century	Czech Republic	Novel
Unbearable Lightness of Being, The	Kundera		20th Century	Czech Republic	Novel
Stranger, The	Camus		20th Century	France	Novel
In Search of Lost Time	Proust		20th Century	France	Novel
Remembrance of Things Past	Proust		20th Century	France	Novel
Nausea	Sartre		20th Century	France	Novel
Tin Drum, The	Grass		20th Century	Germany	Novel
Steppenwolf	Hesse		20th Century	Germany	Novel
Metamorphosis, The	Kafka	✓	20th Century	Germany	Novel
Trial, The	Kafka		20th Century	Germany	Novel
Joseph and His Brothers	Mann		20th Century	Germany	Novel
Magic Mountain, The	Mann		20th Century	Germany	Novel
All Quiet on the Western Front	Remarq		20th Century	Germany	Novel
Fratricides	Kazantzakis		20th Century	Greece	Novel
Foucault's Pendulum	Eco		20th Century	Italy	Novel
Snow Country	Kawabata		20th Century	Japan	Novel
Things Fall Apart	Achebe		20th Century	Nigeria	Novel
Painted Bird, The	Kosinski		20th Century	Poland	Novel
Master and Margarita, The	Bulgakov		20th Century	Russia	Novel
Lolita	Nabokov		20th Century	Russia	Novel
Eugene Onegin	Pushkin		20th Century	Russia	Novel
Cancer Ward, The	Solzhenitsyn		20th Century	Russia	Novel
First Circle, The	Solzhenitsyn		20th Century	Russia	Novel
How We Think	Dewey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Logic	Dewey		20th Century	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Pragamatism	James, W		20th Century	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits	Russell		20th Century	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, An	Russell		20th Century	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Problems of Philosophy, The	Russell		20th Century	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Process and Reality	Whitehead		20th Century	Anglosphere	Philosophy
Civilization and Its Discontents	Freud		20th Century	Austria	Philosophy
Being and Nothingness	Sartre		20th Century	France	Philosophy
Death of a Salesman	Miller		20th Century	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
Plays and Prefaces	Shaw		20th Century	Anglosphere	Play or Dialogue
No Exit	Sartre		20th Century	France	Play or Dialogue
Master Builder, The	Ibsen		20th Century	Norway	Play or Dialogue
Wild Duck, The	Ibsen		20th Century	Norway	Play or Dialogue
Cherry Orchard, The	Chekhov		20th Century	Russia	Play or Dialogue
Waste Land, The	Eliot		20th Century	Anglosphere	Poetry
Principles of Psychology, The	James, W		20th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The	Kuhn		20th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Affective Neuroscience	Panksepp		20th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Principles of Mathematics	Russell		20th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Introduction to Mathematics, An	Whitehead		20th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Science and the Modern World	Whitehead		20th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Treatise on Universal Algebra, A	Whitehead		20th Century	Anglosphere	Science
Beyond the Pleasure Principle	Freud		20th Century	Austria	Science
Science and Hypothesis	Poincare		20th Century	France	Science
Science and Method	Poincare		20th Century	France	Science
Essay on the Theory of Numbers	Dedekind		20th Century	Germany	Science
Meaning of Relativity, The	Einstein		20th Century	Germany	Science
On the Method of Theoretical Physics	Einstein		20th Century	Germany	Science
Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory, The	Heisenberg		20th Century	Germany	Science
Modern Man in Search of a Soul	Jung		20th Century	Germany	Science
Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory	Planck		20th Century	Germany	Science
Where Is Science Going?	Planck		20th Century	Germany	Science
Bad Blood	Carreyrou		21st Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, The	Fadiman		21st Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Argonauts, The	Nelson		21st Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Educated	Westover		21st Century	Anglosphere	Biography and Memoir
Life at the Bottom	Dalrymple		21st Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science ….	Pinker		21st Century	Anglosphere	Essay
Brief Wonderous Life of Oscar Wao	Díaz		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Corrections, The	Franzen		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Kite Runner, The	Hosseini		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Never Let Me Go	Ishiguro		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Life of Pi	Martel		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Road, The	McCarthy		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Gilead	Robinson		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
White Teeth	Smith		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
Little Life, A	Yanagihara		21st Century	Anglosphere	Novel
2666	Bolaño		21st Century	Chile	Novel
Austerlitz	Sebald		21st Century	Germany	Novel
Zorba the Greek	Kazantzakis		21st Century	Greece	Novel
Norweigan Wood	Murakami		21st Century	Japan	Novel
Half of a Yellow Sun	Adichie		21st Century	Nigeria	Novel
Citizen: An American Lyric	Rankine		21st Century	Anglosphere	Poetry
Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief	Peterson		21st Century	Anglosphere	Science
Immoral Life of Henrietta Lacks, The	Skloot		21st Century	Anglosphere	Science